One-handed input chording user input device for converting finger movements into digital input

ABSTRACT

A one-handed input chording user input device for converting finger movements into digital input has a chassis configured to conform to human fingers with a plurality of articulating finger frames connected adjacent to each other, a plurality of user input elements, a processing device, and a signal transmitter. The plurality of user input elements is connected around the chassis in order to capture flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction movements of the plurality of articulating finger frames. The processing device interprets signals received from the plurality of articulating finger frames into desired output communication elements such as text characters. The signal transmitter sends the interpreted output to a computing device.

The current application claims a priority to the U.S. Provisional Patentapplication Ser. No. 62/505,961 filed on May 14, 2017.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to computer data entry. Moreparticularly, the present invention relates to an ergonomic user inputdevice for capturing multiple finger movements as input.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Mobile computing and use of “smart phones” has improved rapidly andspread to all continents and cultures. The rapid growth is due to vastlyincreased usefulness of the devices. Hardware and software improvementsmake computational devices powerful presenters of information. They alsocollect a wide variety of information from the users' environment, suchas GPS location, video, voice, bar code scanning, and small amounts ofwritten text.

Text input technology for the user has lagged far behind in development.This is unfortunate because textual content is the most significanttransmitter of conceptual material from the user.

Many users need to produce, log, or transmit specific textual contentusing a variety of non-standard characters while they are mobilycomputing. Emergency medical technicians, first responders, securitypersonnel, and reporters need to transmit important, specific data andthey would often benefit from being able to send it textually ratherthan audibly, and without having to look down at their text inputinterface or device.

Current keyboards require the user to reposition their fingers bylifting them off the device to find and press different keys, or bymoving the fingers to a different location on the surface of the device.For instance, QWERTY keyboards require you to move each finger to avariety of different keys in order to enter different characters. TheSwype keyboard mobile application requires the user to slide theirfinger across the surface of a virtual keyboard displayed on the screen.Other one-handed keyboards or keysets require you to press differentlocations by moving your finger tip to different locations. There aresome key sets which allow you to rest your fingers on the same surfacewithout moving them off that surface for the duration of a text entrysession, such as the chorded keyset, but those keysets take advantage ofonly one finger motion: the finger press.

Prior versions of keyboards have had at least one of the followingproblems:

1. Required repositioning of fingers in order to key in differentcharacters;

2. Were not portable in that they were intended to be placed on a deskor other work surface;

3. Could not be easily placed into a pocket or purse.

The keyboards that require finger repositioning can require the user tolook down at their fingering on the text input device. This is theproblem with the QWERTY keyboard, which is why the letters are writtenon each key. A lengthy training period is required before the user isable to type all characters on the keyboard without looking down at thekeys. QWERTY keyboards are usually operated directly in front of theuser so that if they need to they can look down at their fingerpositioning or to find a special key.

The present invention seeks to provide a solution to the aforementionedproblems as an input device designed to provide the maximum number offinger input movements without requiring the replacement orrepositioning of fingers on the device.

The invention device solves these problems by designing the device shapeto detect each fundamental finger movement. The most distinguishingcharacteristics of the invention are:

1. The keys are designed to be triggered by natural finger movements.

2. The fingers do not need to be repositioned in the device in order toactuate any of the keys.

3. The motion of the finger pressing the key is relative only to thestable position of the invention in the users hand itself and not to anyother surface or mount. This makes the invention particularly useful formobile applications including situations where the user is walking,running, or talking part in other activities.4. The frame of reference for all the keystroke movements is relativeonly to the invention device itself. The user does not need to concernhimself with any other frames of reference when keying text. He canfocus on and isolate in his mind each of the keystroke movements, whichthe device can also teach him.

Finger flexion, extension, hyper-extension, abduction and adductionmovements may all be detected by the shape of the present invention. Thedevice may include a grip with affordances for each finger and thumb ofthe hand, such that when the user holds the invention their fingers cometo rest on comfortable seats for each finger and each section of thefinger. Each of the finger affordances may be movable levers whichrotate or press in accordance with natural finger movements by pivotingor pressing approximately where each finger joint pivots. The levermovements are arranged in such a way as to cause the actuating ofmomentary switches or other sensors in the device. The first switchactuated in a chord sequence causes the beginning of a code signal inthe device. Subsequent switch presses are registered as part of acharacter code. When all the switches are released a specific characteris calculated from the sequence of switches pressed.

Terms used:

-   -   Keystroke: a single-click activation of a single switch on a        single joint of a finger.    -   Character: the character report that is transmitted to the text        input receiver.    -   Character chord: a collection of one or more keystrokes into a        set, which produces a character report through the HID        transmitter.    -   HID transmitter: The (human interface device) transmitter that        sends characters from this invention device to a text-input        receiver such as a mobile phone, computer, or any other device        that can receive text input via any standardized text input        signal.    -   Alias/shortcut: a collection of keystrokes that are not assigned        to any character, but which can then be used for character sets,        whole words, or text commands.

The hand has a natural axis that is developed in earliest youth andprovides for the coordination of the fingers and thumb so that they canbe used to pinch. This is probably one of the first coordinate systems achild develops since they are always available to the child to study.The fingers can be wrapped to form a grip. This is a move that infantsare good at, so good in fact that newborns can often lift their ownweight by gripping a wooden dowel which can be lifted as a cross-barover their heads. The grip coordination of the fingers to the palmprobably starts even before we are born.

Soon, the infant is able to pinch the thumb to the forefinger. He isable to reliably and automatically orient the forefinger and the thumbdo that their tips touch and press together to form a clamp with objectscan be manipulated by. After that he can quickly develop the sameability with each of the other fingers. In this way his fingers becomeindexable.

Humans are distinguished from other primates by saying that we haveopposable thumbs. Our thumbs can be pinched against our fingers. But ourfingers are also indexable, meaning each finger can be flexedindividually and with great dexterity. It allows such things as countingon one's fingers. The present invention takes advantage of human fingerindexability by aligning the keystroke action specifically to thenatural flexion and extension of each finger. The flexion of each fingerjoint is captured as a keystroke. The extension of the proximal joint,the joint connecting the finger to the palm, is captured as a keystroke.In this way the fingers do not have to be moved to a position beforeactivating a keystroke. The movement is the keystroke.

There are a variety of existing text input coordinate systems. As peoplefind text input more useful in their lives, such as in professional orpersonal endeavors, it becomes more important to improve the efficiencyof the text input process systems. To improve the text input process,the coordinate systems have been improved and made more stable. Here isa brief review of common text input tools and improvements, and thetrend that they illustrate.

Keyboard and Mouse: The keyboard and mouse combination requires use ofthe elbow coordinate system to move between the keyboard and mouse. Oncethe fingers are on the keyboard they are oriented according to the homerow keys, “asdf” for the left hand and “jkl;” for the right hand. Thehome row keys associated with the index fingers, “f” and “j”, areusually marked with bumps so that they can be identified by the indexfingers without requiring visual orientation with the eyes. In this waythe fingers can be positioned into their regular orientation andcoordinate system without requiring the use of a second sense organ andeye-to-hand coordination, which might impede other activities andrequires extra mental processing faculties.

Once the fingers are oriented on the homerow keys they still need to beable to reach all the other keys on the keyboard. Each finger, includingthe index fingers, are required for access to additional keys. Thatmeans that the index fingers must regularly move from their coordinatebasis position, losing touch with the keys that have bumps on them, andlosing tactile confirmation of the center of their coordinate system.Then, once the alternate key has been pressed, the fingers are movedback to their basis position, which requires replacement of the indexfingers. Moving fingers to alternate keys requires stretching thefingers in relation to the home row keys a certain particular distance,and at a certain angle, which must be remembered for each key, and whichis different on a variety of keyboards.

Moving to the mouse and back again: Each time a user has to move hishand to the mouse he moves his right hand away from the home row keys.He then processes activities in the mouse coordinate system (x-ymovement, right and left-click, and mouse-wheel) he then has to move hishand back to the keyboard by manipulating his shoulder and elbowcoordinate systems. His entire hand must be moved through a distancethat does not provide any input data. The movement of the hand is simplyrequired because the right hand is used for both the keyboard and mouseinput, each having their own coordinate systems, and those separateinput systems must awkwardly be located at a distance from each other.Each time the user uses the mouse their hand loses context with thekeyboard and must be realigned with the home row keys. It is anon-optimal arrangement and people have been searching for a solution toit ever since the mouse was created.

Because of the problems of losing the context of the coordinate system,and the variety of distances and angles that must be memorized for eachtype of keyboard, learning to type rapidly on a regular keyboard/mousecombination can be frustrating and often requires looking down at thekeyboard.

Keyboard and Trackpad: The trackpad/touchpad provides a partial solutionto moving the hand to the mouse. With the trackpad/touchpad the user canaccess all the functionality of the trackpad with a simple wristmovement alone. It is an improvement over the shoulder and elbowmovements required for the mouse, but it still requires realigning withthe home row keys. It is better than the mouse, but it is not goodenough.

IBM Trackpoint: IBM made an improvement to the keyboard/mousecombination by providing a red “TrackPoint”, which is a combinationfinger-operated joystick/button located in the center of the keyboard.It allowed users to keep most of their fingers on the home row keys sothe hands need not lose the coordinate system context of the keyboardevery time they operate the mouse cursor. However it required that theuser wait for the mouse cursor to move across the screen. Since theTrackPoint was at a fixed location on the keyboard, mouse motion had tobe inferred by the length of time the TrackPoint was displaced in thedirection of movement. With careful settings this delay could beminimized but not eliminated. The fine-tuned settings could not easilybe transferred to other computers and didn't work at all with non-IBMcomputers. It, also, only worked on IBM laptops.

Swype Software Keyboard for Smartphones:

The Swype keyboard makes an improvement on the mobile software keyboardsimply by removing the requirement that the finger be lifted off themobile device screen between keystrokes. In this way the Swype keyboardis like the current invention in that it keeps the finger in the contextof the keyboard coordinate system for the duration of a whole word. Thefinger can sense the direction it is being dragged in through thefriction on the pad of the finger. This provides local sensory feedbackstraight to the hand about those movements, not requiring the use andsynthesis of auditory sensations as the audible beep of a keyboard does.The user still must use vision to initially orient the finger on thekeyboard, and for error-checking in longer words, so it is still not atthe ergonomic level of the current invention.

Gest: Gest is still in development and they have some large usabilityhurdles yet to overcome, but they have identified some of the sameproblems. Their approach is generally high-tech, requiring imaginativeuses of delicate sensors and advanced signal processing to interpretmulti-joint hand gestures. Instead of identifying the unit of fingermovements, they are trying to divine gesture units in general, and thatis why they are seeking extensive non-trivial programming help throughtheir software development kit, which they have published and arepromoting to interested programmers.

Voice input: Many systems allow voice input of text, such as Amazon'sAlexa, Apple's Ski, Microsoft's Cortana, and others, but there are atleast three constant problems with this method:

1. Other people can hear all of the text commands you are issuing. Thereare many cases where this is not desirable either for the user, or forthe surrounding people.

2. Nearby people can purposefully, or inadvertently, overwrite orintermingle their voice statements with the intended user's statements.

3. The audio environment must be low-noise in order for the words to beunderstood.

4. There are also security concerns with an always-on microphonelistening for voice commands and in many security sensitive environmentsthis tool is not even a possible option.

Reliable text input bypasses each of these shortcomings. One thing thatpeople most want in text input is reliability. They want to be sure thatthe statements they are sending are the statements they intended tosend. Because voice input and gesture input require extensivenon-trivial data processing in order to decipher the text, the user hasto wait to see if their text was deciphered correctly.

With a tactile keystroke text input device the user has a very shortfeedback loop in the hand that can validate correct keying of themessage and allowing for continuous improvement of their keyingexpertise. Over time, such training should lead to automatization of thekeying process so that it becomes a “second nature”.

Command Line Interface (CLI): The command line interface (CLI) allows auser to interface with a program by typing text commands into a “commandprompt” text area, usually on a computer screen. The Windows commandprompt or the Mac “terminal” are examples of this type of interface.CLIs have existed since the early days of computer programminginterfaces, but they are going through a phase of renewed developmentand are well-understood by application developers because they aresimple to implement, require low computer processing overhead, andpresent themselves consistently across a wide variety of computerinterfaces without requiring considerations of screen size andorientation, unlike graphical user interfaces (GUI) which requireextensive testing on a wide variety of screen sizes and orientations.

The current device, because of its immediate orientation to thetext-input context, allows quick input to any available CLI for usessuch as sending SMS messages, opening any program, initiating searches,initiating phone calls, logging events with text comments and hashtags,initiating any process that an application provides a CLI for.

The present invention has the added benefit that it provides a fullkeyboard character set. Many command line interfaces require specialcharacters, such as “′”, “$”, or “[”, to perform special operations.Most alternate keyboards are difficult to enter special characters with.They require navigating to an alternate screen, or in the case of voiceinput, the use of special commands. On the present invention no specialactions are required. Special characters are simply another collectionof keystrokes to be learned like the basic keystrokes and within thesame character chord context.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side view illustration of various finger flexion andextension motions captured with the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view illustrating adduction motions captured with thepresent invention.

FIG. 3 is a rear view of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of one embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 5 is a general diagram of the electronic connections of the presentinvention.

FIG. 6 is a stepwise flow diagram illustrating completion of a chordsequence using the present invention.

DETAIL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE INVENTION

All illustrations of the drawings are for the purpose of describingselected versions of the present invention and are not intended to limitthe scope of the present invention. The present invention is to bedescribed in detail and is provided in a manner that establishes athorough understanding of the present invention. There may be aspects ofthe present invention that may be practiced or utilized without theimplementation of some features as they are described. It should beunderstood that some details have not been described in detail in orderto not unnecessarily obscure focus of the invention. References hereinto “the preferred embodiment”, “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, or“alternative embodiments” should be considered to be illustratingaspects of the present invention that may potentially vary in someinstances, and should not be considered to be limiting to the scope ofthe present invention as a whole.

The present invention is a one-handed ergonomic user input device foruse with electronic devices such as, but not limited to, personalcomputers, laptop computer, mobile phones, and any other computingdevices that can receive electronic input. Preferably, the presentinvention will contain an electronic circuit board which provides awireless connection to a computing device, such as, but not limited to,a cell phone, laptop, barcode scanner, or radio transmitter. For thepurpose of this description we can use the example of a Bluetoothconnection, which provides an interface for a wide variety of electronicdevices, but the invention may work with any device that requires textinput or text commands. The invention may also directly interface withcell phone networks using their interfaces to send things such as textmessages, email, or other commands of any kind accepted those networks.It may also be used to interface with any other kind of computing,data-collection, or telecommunications systems by using the wirelessinterface.

Since several finger movements can be captured by the device of thepresent invention for each finger that the user uses, the fingermovement and keystroke combinations can be translated into multiplecharacters per finger. FIGS. 1-2 illustrate several types of fingermovement to be captured.

Keystrokes will be recorded as chords, which means multiple keys may bepressed simultaneously and the specific combination of keys willdesignate the character that will be recorded for that keystrokecombination, or chord. Keystroke chording will be explained further onin the current disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 3-5, in general, the present invention comprises achassis 1, a plurality of user input elements 2, a processing device 3,and a signal transmitter 4.

The chassis 1 may be generally understood to be the main physicalstructure of the present invention and is configured to conform to humanfingers and/or otherwise utilize motion of a user's hand and/or fingersin order to actuate the plurality of user input elements 2. In variousembodiments of the present invention, the chassis 1 may be made from anydesirable material, such as, but not limited to, plastic, metal, variouspolymer materials, or/any other desired materials or combination ofmaterials.

Each of the plurality of user input elements 2 should be understood tobe an input element such as, but not limited to, a button, switch, orother user interface element able to capture a user input motion of oneor more the user's fingers while wearing the present invention. Theplurality of user input elements 2 is connected to the chassis 1,distributed around the chassis 1, and electronically connected to theprocessing device 3. In general, the plurality of user input elements 2is configured and positioned around the chassis 1 in order to captureflexion, extension, adduction, and abduction movements of the user'sfingers. The specific type of user input element of each of theplurality of user input elements 2 may vary. For example, in someembodiments, at least one or all of the plurality of user input elements2 may be a tactile momentary switch. In various embodiments, at leastone or all of the plurality of user input elements 2 may be differenttypes of input elements, so long as the desired motions of the user'sfingers are able to be captured.

The processing device 3 may be any appropriate electronic device capableof receiving input signals from the plurality of user input elements 2and interpreting the input signals into a desired output. The processingdevice 3 is electronically connected to the signal transmitter 4, whichreceives the desired output and then transmits the desired output to anappropriate recipient device such as a personal computer, tabletsmartphone or other device. The processing device 3 may interpret one ormultiple user input signals received from the plurality of user inputelements 2 into a text character, combination of characters, or otherelectronic communication elements. Various chorded combinations of userinput signals from the plurality of user input elements 2 may beassigned to different communication elements in the processing device 3.In some embodiments, the processing device 3 is a logic module, whereinthe logic module is configured to interpret user input signals receivedfrom the plurality of user input elements 2.

In some embodiments, the present invention may further comprise adigital display electronically connected to the processing device 3. Thedigital display may be connected to the chassis 1 in any desirablelocation. The digital display may be useful by displaying in real-timethe current result of any character chord being entered.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, as seen in FIG. 3,the chassis 1 comprises a plurality of articulating finger frames 10,and the plurality of articulating finger frames 10 is seriallypositioned adjacent each other to correspond to the typicalfive-fingered structure of a human hand. In various embodiments, thechassis 1 may comprise five articulating finger frames 10, or maycomprise less than five articulating finger frames 10 if desired.Furthermore, each of the plurality of articulating finger frames 10comprises a plurality of finger segments 11 and at least one hinge 12.The plurality of finger segments 11 is serially connected to each otherthrough the at least one hinge 12 for each of the plurality ofarticulating finger frames 10.

In some embodiments, the plurality of articulating finger frames 10 isserially connected adjacent to each other. More particularly, as shownin FIG. 4, in some embodiments each of the plurality of articulatingfinger frames 10 comprises a base segment 15, a proximal segment 16, anda distal segment 17. The base segment 15 of an arbitrary articulatingfinger frame 100 from the plurality of articulating finger frames 10 isconnected adjacent to the base segment 15 of an adjacent articulatingfinger frame 110 from the plurality of articulating finger frames 10,wherein the arbitrary articulating finger frame 100 is connectedadjacent to the adjacent articulating finger frame 110. The proximalsegment 16 is connected adjacent to the base segment 15 through a firsthinge 13 from the plurality of hinges, and the distal segment 17 isconnected adjacent to the proximal segment 16 opposite the base segment15 through a second hinge 14 from the plurality of hinges. The basesegment 15 of the arbitrary articulating finger frame 100 is positionedside by side with the base segment 15 of the adjacent articulatingfinger frame 110, so that the respective base segments 15 lay flatagainst the palm of the user when the finger frames are positioned inalignment with the fingers of the user. One exception to the previousstatement in some embodiments may be that a thumb frame of the pluralityof articulating finger frames 10, mounted to the chassis 1 such that thebase segment 15 of the thumb frame is positioned at the ball of thethumb of the user, and would not sit flat against the user's palm.

In the preferred embodiment, the plurality of user input elements 2 isconfigured to capture flexion, extension, adduction, and abductionmovements of the plurality of articulating finger frames 10. In mostembodiments, the configuration of the plurality of user input elements 2to capture the desired motions of the user's finger through theplurality of finger frames depends on the placement of the plurality ofuser input elements 2 around the chassis 1.

In some embodiments, as seen in FIG. 4, a first user input element 20from the plurality of user input elements 2 is connected between thebase segment 15 and the proximal segment 16 in order to capture flexionmotion between the base segment 15 and the proximal segment 16. Whileutilizing the present invention, when the user flexes their finger suchthat the proximal segment 16 rotates about the first hinge 13 relativeto the base segment 15, the first user input element 20 is activated andan input signal corresponding with the first user input element 20 isregistered by the processing device 3. In some embodiments, the firstuser input element 20 may be a momentary push-button. Thus, the firstuser input element 20 is activated when the proximal segment 16 and thebase segment 15 experience a flexion movement and the momentarypush-button is depressed. Similarly, a second user input element 21 fromthe plurality of user input elements 2 is connected between the proximalsegment 16 and the distal segment 17. The first user input element 20 isthus configured to capture a flexion movement of a proximalinterphalangeal joint of the user's finger, while the second user inputelement 21 is configured to capture a flexion movement of a distalinterphalangeal joint of the user's finger. The first hinge 13 and thesecond hinge 14 are positioned in order to correspond with the fingerjoints of the user. Extension movements, opposing the aforementionedflexion movements, may be captured through additional user inputelements complementary to the first user input element 20 and the seconduser input element 21, or may be registered by the processing device 3as a de-activation of the user input elements capturing the flexionmovements.

It is further desirable in the present invention to capture adductionand abduction movements of the user's fingers, where one or more fingersmove laterally to contact an adjacent finger. Adduction, it should benoted, is a movement where two fingers are brought together. Abductionis separating two fingers, splaying the fingers apart into a V shape.Thus, referring to FIG. 2, at least one adduction element 22 from theplurality of user input elements 2 may be connected to an arbitraryarticulating finger frame 100 from the plurality of articulating fingerframes 10, with the at least one adduction element 22 being positionedbetween the arbitrary articulating finger frame 100 and an adjacentarticulating finger frame 110. The at least one adduction element 22 maybe connected to the arbitrary articulating finger frame 100 or theadjacent articulating finger frame 110 as desired, or both.

In some embodiments, it is further desirable that each of the pluralityof user input elements 2 be configured to provide user feedback uponactuation. This may be a helpful feature to the user in learning toutilize the present invention properly. As such, in some embodiments, atleast one or all of the plurality of user input elements 2 is a tactilemomentary switch. The tactile momentary switch may provide user feedbackthrough a clicking action when depressed and/or released. In variousembodiments, the means of providing user feedback may vary. For example,actuation feedback of the plurality of user input elements 2 may beprovided through an audible sound, magnetic reed switch action, one ormore haptic motors, or any other desirable means.

One exemplary embodiment of the present invention may described asfollows: the present invention is a hand-held text input transmitterdevice consisting of a mechanical chassis, shaped to capture mostnatural movements of the fingers of one hand, a set of tactile momentaryswitches placed throughout the chassis to detect when a finger joint isin flexion or extension, a wire harness to connect all the switches to alogic module, and the logic module being connected to each momentaryswitch. The chassis is shaped to fit very comfortably in the handsimilar to an ergonomic handle or grip. The chassis is shaped so thathinges rotate coincident with the rotation of the joints of each finger.The chassis is of a non-uniform shape and can be easily oriented by thehand without requiring looking at it, or the use of the other hand. Inthis way the hand can quickly be placed in the proper context of thechassis and initiate text input. The tactile switches provide instanttactile feedback to the finger that the switch has been activated.

The logic module initiates a character chord when any keystroke isinitiated, collects subsequent keystrokes into an ordered array, andthen interprets and sends the keystroke collection as a text characteror alias/shortcut to a human interface device (HID) transmitter. The HIDtransmitter uses Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or any other HID transmission methodto send the character set to the text input receiver. In someembodiments, any input received through the plurality of user inputelements while not paired with an external receiver device may be storedlocally on the processing device. Then, when pairing is initiatedbetween the present invention and the external receiver device, the usermaybe given the option of importing the cached input.

To better explain the key-chords finger names and the joints of eachfinger and thumb will be specified. Each of the finger names will beabbreviated and combined with the joint abbreviation in order to specifyhow the finger motion may be converted to text characters.

Thumb: T; Index finger: I; Middle finger: M; Ring finger: R; Pinkyfinger: P.

Finger joint nomenclature: Metacarpophalangeal joint (MP): the fingerknuckle or joint that joins the finger to the palm of the hand; Proximalinterphalangeal joint (PIP): the midway knuckle closest to themetacarpophalangeal joint; Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP): theknuckle closest to the tip of the finger.

Thumb joint nomenclature may be slightly different than the rest of thefingers. Carpometacarpal joint (CMC): the thumb joint nearest the wristand below the ball of the thumb; Metacarpophalangeal joint (MP): themiddle joint of the thumb; IP: the thumb joint nearest the tip of thethumb.

The present invention will have the advantage of allowing more than onekeystroke or other input action per finger. For each finger the deviceof the present invention may be capable of capturing the followingmovements in one example embodiment. Finger movements to be captured mayvary in different embodiments of the present invention.

MP flexion: the grasp action of the proximal phalanx of each finger.

MP extension: the ungripping action of the proximal phalanx, captured onthe device by flexing the DIP joint and pulling back to extend the MPjoint.

PIP flexion: captured by flexing the second knuckle from the tip of thefinger.

DIP flexion: captured by pressing the finger tip against its properposition on the device.

In addition to finger flexion and extension, the adduction or pressingtogether of a pair of fingers may also be captured by a switch or sensorbetween the fingers or otherwise actuated by finger adduction. Anembodiment of this device may also capture the metacarpophalangeal jointand proximal interphalangeal joint movement of the thumb. Adduction andabduction movements of each finger may also be captured independently.

Action Specification Notation: To simplify the explanation of keysequences, a shorthand notation will be used herein to specifyindividual actions in accordance with some embodiments of the presentinvention.

The actuation of a switch is the pressing of a momentary switch. Themomentary switch is continuously active until it is released, at whichpoint it is defined as disactuated, meaning the momentary switch is nolonger sending a signal that it is active.

The Action Specification A-I-DIP-F specifies the actuation of Indexfinger DIP flexion. Here is how the Action Specification is assembled:

A-x-xxxx—the Actuation or Disactuation (“A” or “D”) is the firstcomponent of the action specification, so the example ActionSpecification would begin with “A.”

A-I-xxx-x—the second element is the finger element, so the example wouldcontinue with the index finger.

A-I-DIPx—the third element is the joint designator, so the examplecontinues with the DIP joint.

A-I-DIP-F—the final component of the Action Specification is themovement direction, either Flexion (F), Extension (E), or Adduction (A).

The index finger will be used as an example. Each of the other fingerswill also have similar actions for their own keystrokes. The Indexfinger has the following actions:

I-DIP-F—Flexion (F) of the Index (I) finger's distal interphalangeal(DIP) joint.

I-PIP-F—Flexion (F) of the Index (I) finger's proximal interphalangeal(PIP) joint.

I-MP-F—Flexion (F) of the Index (I) finger's metacarpophalangeal (MP)joint.

I-MP-E—Extension (E) of the Index (I) finger's metacarpophalangeal (MP)joint.

It quickly becomes apparent that a method to encode various combinationsof the aforementioned inputs into a desired output is necessary. Thus,various combinations of keystrokes may be encoded according to aparticular coding method. The following is an illustrative example ofone embodiment of such a scheme. The keystroke value tables are given ashypothetical examples. The actual values may be different from the oneslisted here without altering the function of the present invention.

Example finger action values:

Index: DIP-F: 0x01; PIP-F: 0x02; MP-F: 0x03; MP-E: 0x04.

Middle: DIP-F: 0x05; PIP-F: 0x06; MP-F: 0x07; MP-E: 0x08.

Ring: DIP-F: 0x09; PIP-F: 0x0A; MP-F: 0x0B; MP-E: 0x0C.

Pinky: DIP-F: 0x0D; PIP-F: 0x0E; MP-F: 0x0F; MP-E: 0x10.

Thumb: IP-F: 0x11; MP-F: 0x12; CMC-F: 0x13; CMC-E: 0x14.

A sequence of inputs combined together may be referred to herein as keychords. In some embodiments, a key chord begins when a key sensor isactuated and ends when all keys return to their default, unactuatedposition. An example will be presented below. It will be appreciatedthat this allows for a wide variety of key combinations includingmultiple actuations of a single switch within a single chord.

Referring to FIG. 6, the following is an example of a possible key-chordsequence:

Chord Sequence 1

1. Actuate Index finger DIP Flexion (A-I-DIP-F), add 0x01 to the chordarray;

2. Actuate Index finger PIP Flexion (A-I-PIP-F), add 0x02 to the chordarray;

3. Actuate Index finger MP Flexion (A-I-MP-F), add 0x03 to the chordarray;

4. Deactuate Index finger MP Flexion (D-I-MP-F), no value needs to beentered for this action;

5. Deactuate Index finger PIP Flexion (D-I-PIP-F), no value needs to beentered for this action;

6. Deactuate Index finger DIP Flexion (D-I-DIP-F), no value needs to beentered for this action.

All keys have now returned to their default value, deactuated, so thechord array is sent to the chord evaluator table and the chord array isthen cleaned and emptied.

Conversion Algorithm: some particular movements will not be possible tobe performed simultaneously with other particular movements, such as theflexion and extension of the ring finger. In addition, some users maynot be able to make particular movements with particular fingers, suchas people who have had their finger injured or damaged.

To accommodate both cases, the invention will employ a code table whichwill provide the mapping, or translating, from a set of keystrokes to aspecific character, symbol, or even a set of characters. The abovesequence, Chord Sequence 1, produces an ordered set, or an array ofvalues: 0x01, 0x02, 0x03. Sequence is produced by index finger DIPflexion, which instantiated the sequence, followed by PIP flexion,followed by MP flexion. At the end of that sequence the finger switchesare released, which concludes the chord and submits the sequence to theinterpreter process to produce a character.

The sequence of 0x01, 0x02, 0x03 may be converted into a longerhexadecimal number: 0x010203. The converted string may simply be lookedup in a conversion table such as this abbreviated example table:

Input sequence: 0x010202; Output character: “a”;

Input sequence: 0x010203; Output character: “b”;

Input sequence: 0x010204; Output character: “c”;

. . .

Input sequence: 0x090101; Output character: “%”;

Since this method even allows for a single keyswitch on a single fingerto be pressed more than once during a single chord all the characters ofa standard keyboard can be entered in a single chord sequence. Shift,Function, Alt, and Ctrl keys functions can be produced by thumb orfinger adduction, or other designated keyswitch, which can be held whilekeying in a chord sequence. This way all the features of a standard orextended QWERTY keyboard can be provided with the present invention.

Self-Training Feature: such an unusual text input device will requireunusual training. Fortunately, in some embodiments, an additionalfeature of the present invention will make training easier.

Each character input key combination is located to a specific locationon the hand. The fact that the hand never needs to be repositioned inthe device greatly improves the opportunity to use passive feedback tothe tactile sensations of the finger to accelerate training. Theinvention device will contain haptic feedback motors at each of thekeystroke locations. Since each keystroke location is related to thecharacter bring input, the haptic motor signals can stimulate the exactlocations of the fingers in the exact same order that the keys need tobe pressed in order to enter the keystroke combination.

This means that the keystrokes can be tactilely “taught” to the handbefore the user knows how to type on the keyboard. A sequence of audiocharacters can be played through earphones and then the same characterscan be triggered on the haptic motor vibrators. For instance, the audiooutput can say the letter “a” and then the keystroke sequence for “a”can be indicated by each haptic motor vibrating in the same locationsand in the same sequence in which the keystrokes would need to occur.The aforementioned digital display may further aid in this goal.

Possible variations for the structure of the present invention mayinclude embodiments for:

-   -   One-finger key    -   Thumb-key    -   Finger and thumb key    -   Two-finger key    -   Two-finger and thumb key    -   Three-finger key    -   Three-finger and thumb key    -   Four-finger key    -   Four-finger and thumb key

Although the invention has been explained in relation to its preferredembodiment, it is to be understood that many other possiblemodifications and variations can be made without departing from thespirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.

What is claimed is:
 1. A one-handed input chording user input device forconverting finger movements into digital input, comprising: a chassis,wherein the chassis is configured to conform to human fingers; aplurality of user input elements; a processing device; a signaltransmitter; the plurality of user input elements being connected to thechassis; the plurality of user input elements being distributed aroundthe chassis; the plurality of user input elements being electronicallyconnected to the processing device; the processing device beingelectronically connected to the signal transmitter; the chassiscomprising a plurality of articulating finger frames; the plurality ofarticulating finger frames being serially positioned adjacent to eachother; each of the plurality of articulating finger frames comprising aplurality of finger segments and a plurality of hinges, the plurality offinger segments comprising a base segment, a proximal segment and adistal segment, the plurality of hinges comprising a first hinge and asecond hinge, the proximal segment being connected adjacent to the basesegment through the first hinge, the distal segment being connectedadjacent to the proximal segment opposite the base segment through thesecond hinge, a first user input element from the plurality of userinput elements being connected between the base segment and the proximalsegment, a second user input element from the plurality of user inputelements being connected between the proximal segment and the distalsegment, the first user input element being configured to capture aflexion movement of a first joint of a user's finger, the second userinput element being configured to capture a flexion movement of a secondjoint of the user's finger; wherein the one-handed input chording userinput device is configured to collects keystrokes and to interpret thekeystrokes as a text character by capturing the flexion movement of thefirst joint of the user's finger and capturing the flexion movement ofthe second joint of the user's finger for each finger; wherein the firstuser input element and the second user input element each is a momentaryswitch; wherein the plurality of user input elements are configured tocapture flexion and extension movements of the plurality of articulatingfinger frames; and wherein the processing device is a logic module, thelogic module is configured to accumulate user input signals from theplurality of user input elements into an ordered array while any of theplurality of user input elements is pressed and to interpret the orderedarray into the keystrokes when all of the plurality of user inputelements are released to off positions.
 2. The one-handed input chordinguser input device for converting finger movements into digital input asclaimed in claim 1 comprising: the plurality of articulating fingerframes being serially connected adjacent to each other.
 3. Theone-handed input chording user input device for converting fingermovements into digital input as claimed in claim 1 comprising: theplurality of user input elements being further configured to captureadduction and abduction movements of the plurality of articulatingfinger frames.
 4. The one-handed input chording user input device forconverting finger movements into digital input as claimed in claim 1comprising: the base segment of an arbitrary articulating finger framefrom the plurality of articulating finger frames being connectedadjacent to the base segment of an adjacent articulating finger framefrom the plurality of articulating finger frames, wherein the arbitraryarticulating finger frame is connected adjacent to the adjacentarticulating finger frame.
 5. The one-handed input chording user inputdevice for converting finger movements into digital input as claimed inclaim 1 comprising: at least one adduction element from the plurality ofuser input elements being connected to an arbitrary articulating fingerframe from the plurality of articulating finger frames; and the at leastone adduction element being positioned between the arbitraryarticulating finger frame and an adjacent articulating finger frame. 6.The one-handed input chording user input device for converting fingermovements into digital input as claimed in claim 1 comprising: each ofthe plurality of user input elements being configured to provide userfeedback upon actuation.
 7. The one-handed input chording user inputdevice for converting finger movements into digital input as claimed inclaim 1 comprising: at least one of the plurality of user input elementsbeing a tactile momentary switch.
 8. The one-handed input chording userinput device for converting finger movements into digital input asclaimed in claim 1 comprising: a digital display; and the digitaldisplay being electronically connected to the processing device.
 9. Theone-handed input chording user input device for converting fingermovements into digital input as claimed in claim 1 comprising: theprocessing device being configured to store user input signals receivedfrom the plurality of user input elements.